Dr. Barry Skikne, an expert on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) discusses the importance of testing for AML mutations, which has become a key part of treating patients in order to understand the mechanisms of disease and mutation-driven treatment choices. IDH2 mutations is a determinant for FDA approved use of enasidenib for patients with relapsed or refractory AML. Ivosidenib has also been approved for AML patients with IDH1 mutations. It is very important to know the AML mutation at time of diagnosis or at time of relapse. Other mutations discussed are FLT3 mutations and approved therapy for relapsed or refractory AML treatment with gilteritinib and midostaurin. Daunorubicin and cytarabine as a single, fixed combination therapy is discussed which improves survival in patients with AML. Midostaurin has also been used in post-induction maintenance of AML patients. Oral azacitidine has more recently been used in patients with adverse risk AML after induction chemotherapy and complete remission for up to 1 year of treatment.  Recent newer agents venetoclax and gemtuzumab have also shown efficacy in AML relapsed patients.

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